How we calculate

The annuity uses the financed price after the down payment, allowing for the contractual residual value. With zero interest, monthly payment = (financed amount − buyout) / number of months. With positive interest, the buyout is discounted. Financial leasing with VAT uses the net basis and the corresponding VAT timing; financial leasing without VAT adds no tax. The model adds VAT to operating-lease payments.

The monthly payment uses the constant entered annual rate / 12 and month-end payments. Interest rounds to cents monthly and the final payment may differ. For financial leasing, the residual is included in the final schedule payment. For operating leasing, the residual reduces the monthly payment; a selected buyout is added separately to total expenditure, not to the final schedule payment. A return does not pay the buyout. The down payment and fee enter total expenditure, not the regular monthly payment. VAT timing depends on the selected contract type; insurance and maintenance are excluded.

Enter a percentage or an amount and the other field updates. The percentage uses the entered price; the last edited field remains authoritative when the price changes.

Residual value is the portion of the entered price not repaid through regular payments. A larger residual lowers the regular payment but raises interest. It is not paid on return; an optional buyout is shown separately.